Evolution of European skills systems: Performance 2015 to 2022

In a recent publication, Cedefop provides an analysis of the evolution of European skills systems between 2015 and 2022, focusing on how the systems have responded to challenges like economic crises, technological change, and demographic shifts. Performance is measured by the European Skills Index (ESI).

Despite setbacks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall trend shows positive growth. The report highlights improvements in skills development, activation, and matching across EU member states. It notes challenges such as the aging workforce, gaps in basic education, and declining participation in certain sectors like manufacturing. The report emphasizes the need for continued efforts to align skills systems with the digital and green transitions for Europe's economic competitiveness​.

The report concludes by urging European vocational education and training (VET) systems to continue evolving to support the twin digital and green transitions, calling for policy focus on improving basic education and fostering higher labour force participation, especially for older workers.