Estonian AI literacy competence model

The Estonian AI literacy competence model is a practical framework developed in cooperation by eesti.ai and Tallinn University, which describes the knowledge, skills and attitudes that a person of working age needs to use AI in an informed, effective and responsible manner. This is the first practical AI competence model created for the Estonian context.

The model aims to provide a common basis for understanding and developing AI skills. It can be used in different occupations and sectors and serve as a basis, for example, for the design of learning pathways and training, skills assessment and self-assessment. The introduction of the model supports the conscious and safe use of AI in Estonia.

Three competency levels

The competency model describes AI skills at three levels: thebasic level, implementation level and expert level. At each level, knowledge, practical skills and attitudes are considered separately.

The basic focus is on the skills that a person needs for the daily and safe use of artificial intelligence. Examples include understanding generative AI principles, using simpler AI tools, noticing potential errors, and being aware of what data should not be included in public AI applications.

A more autonomous and fit-for-purpose use of AI is already expected at the implementation level. This includes, for example, creating more sophisticated prompts, combining different AI applications, designing workflows, and assessing privacy, security, and ethical risks associated with AI use.

Expertise includes the development, integration and management of AI systems. Deeper knowledge of the functioning of models and data systems, the integration of AI solutions, risk management, and the development of cross-organisational ethical and security principles are essential at this level.

Five areas of competence

The model addresses AI literacy in five areas:

• technology, applications and digital content creation;
• security and ethics;
• human-centred thinking and communication;
• AI systems design;
• AI information and data literacy .

This division helps to look at AI skills beyond the mere ability to use a few tools. Critical thinking, the safe use of data, human responsibility, assessing the reliability of information and understanding how AI affects work and decision-making are also important elements of the model.

What can the model be used for?

The competency model is designed for use in different occupations and sectors. It can be used to plan learning formats and pathways, assess existing skills and support a person’s self-assessment. It provides a common framework for understanding what AI skills a person needs in a role and what skills should be further developed.

The strength of the competency model is a holistic and practical approach. AI literacy is not only seen as a technical skill, but is viewed alongside security, ethics, communication, data literacy and human responsibility.

The use of the three levels also allows the development of skills from basic to expert level to be described. This makes the model usable both for assessing a person's own skills and for planning training and development activities.

The Estonian AI literacy competence model is a good example of how, in a rapidly evolving field, a common basis for understanding, assessing and developing skills can be established without focusing on only one specific tool or application.